Highlights
- •nTMS (DTI-FTTMS detects cortical and subcortical motor areas.
- •nTMS (DTI-FTTMS) detects cortical and subcortical motor areas.
- •DTI-FTTMS can be easily implemented in RT planning of motor-eloquent glioma.
- •With DTI-FTTMS the corticospinal tract can be spared without affecting PTV dose.
- •Our approach might help to avoid neurological sequelae after RT.
Abstract
Background
Management of high-grade gliomas (HGGs) close to motor areas is challenging due to
the risk of treatment-related morbidity. Thus, for resection, functional mapping of
the corticospinal tract (CST) with navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS)
combined with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking (DTI-FTTMS) is increasingly used. This study investigated the application of DTI-FTTMS in adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) planning of HGGs for CST avoidance.
Methods
The preoperative DTI-FTTMS-based CST reconstructions of 35 patients harboring HGGs were incorporated into the
RT planning system and merged with planning imaging. The CST was delineated as the
planning risk volume (PRV-FTTMS). Intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) plans were optimized to preserve PRV-FTTMS. Segments within the planning target volume (PTV) were not spared (overlap).
Results
With plan optimization, mean dose (Dmean) of PRV-FTTMS can be reduced by 17.1% on average (range 0.1–37.9%), thus from 25.5 Gy to 21.2 Gy
(p < 0.001). For PRV-FTTMS segments beyond the PTV dose, reduction is possible by 26.8% (range 0.1–43.9%, Dmean
17.4 Gy vs. 12.5 Gy, p < 0.001). Considering only portions within the 50% isodose level, Dmean is decreased
by 46.7% from 38.6 Gy to 20.5 Gy (range 19.1–62.8%, p < 0.001). PTV coverage was not affected: V95% and V90% were 96.4 ± 3.1% and 98.0 ± 3.9%
vs. 96.1 ± 3.5% (p = 0.34) and 98.3 ± 2.9% (p = 0.58). Dose constraints for organs at risk (OARs) were all met.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that DTI-FTTMS can be utilized in the RT planning of HGGs for CST sparing. However, the degree of
dose reduction depends on the overlap with the PTV. The functional benefit needs to
be investigated in future prospective clinical trials.
Abbreviations:
ATRX (alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked), BMRC (British Medical Research Council), CST (corticospinal tract), DES (direct electrical stimulation), DTI-FT (diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking), FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery), ICRU (International Commission On Radiation Units And Measurements), IMRT (intensity-modulated radiation therapy), MEP (motor-evoked potential), MGMT (methyl-guanin-methyl-transferase), nTMS (navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation), OAR (organ at risk), PRV (planning risk volume), QUANTEC (Quantitative Analysis of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic), rMT (resting motor threshold), TPS (treatment planning system), WHO (World Health Organization), WM (white matter), BOLD-fMRI (blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), ROI (region of interest), EF (elastic fusion), DVH (dose volume histogram), VMAT (volumetric-modulated arc therapy), HGG (high-grade glioma)Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 18, 2022
Accepted:
April 10,
2022
Received in revised form:
April 8,
2022
Received:
February 21,
2022
Identification
Copyright
© 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
