Radiotherapy & Oncology
Volume 95, Issue 2 , Pages 229-233 , May 2010

Pattern of lymph node metastases and its implication in radiotherapeutic clinical target volume in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A report of 1077 cases

  • Wei Huang

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • Cancer Institute (Hospital), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
    • ,
  • Baosheng Li

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Address: Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jiyan Road 440, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China. Tel.: +86 531 67626161; fax: +86 531 87984079.
    • ,
  • Heyi Gong

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • Cancer Institute (Hospital), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
    • ,
  • Jinming Yu

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • ,
  • Hongfu Sun

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • ,
  • Tao Zhou

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • ,
  • Zicheng Zhang

      Affiliations

    • Departments of Radiation Oncology (Chest Section), Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China
    • ,
  • Xibin Liu

      Affiliations

    • Thoracic Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Institute (Hospital), Jinan, PR China

Received 21 April 2009 ,Revised 5 October 2009 ,Accepted 23 January 2010.

References 

  1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Frelay J, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2002. Ca-Cancer J Clin. 2005;55:74–108
  2. Esophageal disease research society: guidelines for the clinical and pathologic studies on carcinoma of the esophagus. 9th ed. Tokyo: Kanehara; 1999.
  3. Natsugoe S, Matsumoto M, Okumura H, et al. Initial metastatic, including micrometastatic, sites of lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2005;89:6–11
  4. Chandawarkar RY, Kakagawa T, Fujita H, et al. Comparative analysis of imaging modalities in the preoperative assessment of nodal metastasis in esophageal cancer. J Surg Oncol. 1996;61:214–217
  5. Lower VJ, Booya F, Fletcher JG, et al. Comparison of positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and endoscopic ultrasound in the initial staging of patients with esophageal cancer. Mol Imaging Biol. 2005;7:422–430
  6. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T, et al. Cancer statistics, 2001. Ca-Cancer J Clin. 2001;51:15–36
  7. Nakagawa S, Kanda T, Kosugi S, et al. Recurrence pattern of squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus after extended radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:205
  8. Shimada H, Kitabayashi H, Nabeya Y, et al. Treatment response and prognosis of patients after recurrence of esophageal cancer. Surgery. 2003;133:24
  9. Nakagawa S, Kanda T, Kosugi S, et al. Recurrence pattern of squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus after extended radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 2004;198:205
  10. Isono K, Sato H, Nakayama K. Results of a nationwide study on three-field lymph node dissection of esophagealcancer. Oncology. 1991;48:411–420
  11. Kato H, Watanabe H, Tachimori Y, et al. Evaluation of neck lymph node dissection for thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 1991;51:931–935
  12. Akiyama H, Tsutumaru M, Udagawa H, et al. Radical lymph node dissection for cancer of the thoracic esophagus. Ann Surg. 1994;220:364–373
  13. Ellis FH, Heatley GJ, Krasna MJ, et al. Esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma of the esophagus and cardia: a comparison of findings and results after standard resection in three consecutive eight-year intervals with improved staging criteria. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:836–846
  14. Eloubeidi MA, Desmond R, Arguedas MR, et al. Prognostic factors for the survival of patients with esophageal carcinoma in the US: the importance of tumor length and lymph node status. Cancer. 2002;95:1434–1443
  15. Gu Y, Swisher SG, Ajani JA, et al. The number of lymph nodes with metastasis predicts survival in patients with esophageal or esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma who receive preoperative chemoradiation. Cancer. 2006;106:1017–1025
  16. Natsugoe S, Yoshinaka H, Shimada M, et al. Number of lymph node metastasis. Determined by presurgical ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2001;234:613–618
  17. Tachibana M, Kinugasa S, Yoshimura H, et al. Extended esophagectomy with 3-field lymph node dissection for esophageal cancer. Arch Surg. 2003;138:1383–1389
  18. Baba M, Aikou T, Natsugoe S, et al. Quality of life following esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy for carcinoma, focusing on its relationship to vocal cord palsy. Dis Esophagus. 1998;11:28–34
  19. Matsubara T, Ueda M, Takahashi T, et al. Localization of recurrent disease after extended lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. J. Am Coll Surg. 1996;182:3403–3446
  20. Fujita H, Sueyoshi S, Tanaka T, et al. Three field dissection for squamous cell carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;8:328–335
  21. Tachibana M, Kinugasa S, Yoshimura H, et al. Clinical outcomes of extended esophagectomy with three – field lymph node dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Surg. 2005;189:98–109
  22. Li H, Zhang Y, Cai H, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus who underwent three-field lymphadenectomy. Eur Surg Res. 2007;39:1–6
  23. Thomas WR, Gregory ZJ, David JA, et al. Esophageal carcinoma: depth of tumor invasion is predictive of regional lymph node status. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998;65:787–792
  24. Dave UR, Williams AD, Wilson JA, et al. Esophageal cancer staging with endoscopic MR imaging: pilot study. Radiology. 2004;23:281–286
  25. Bergman JJ, Fockens P. Endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Eur J Ultrasound. 1999;10:127–138
  26. Heidemann J, Schilling MK, Schmassmann A, et al. Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in preoperative staging of esophageal carcinoma. Dig Surg. 2000;17:219–224
  27. Rice TW. Clinical staging of esophageal carcinoma CT, EUS, and PET. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 2000;10:471–485
  28. Himeno S, Yasuda S, Shimada H, et al. Evaluation of esophageal Cancer by position emission tomography. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2002;32:340–346
  29. Tanabe G, Baba M, Kuroshima K, et al. Clinical evaluation of the esophageal lymph flow system based on RI uptake of dissected regional lymph nodes following lymphoscintigraphy. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1986;87:315–323
  30. Cooper JS, Guo MD, Herskovic A, et al. Chemoradiotherapy of locally advanced esophageal cancer: long-term follow-up of a prospective randomized trial (RTOG 85-01). Radiation therapy oncology group. JAMA. 1999;281:1623–1627
  31. Minsky BD, Pajak TF, Ginsberg RJ, et al. INT 0123 (radiation therapy oncology group 94-05) phase III trial of combined-modality therapy for esophageal cancer: high-dose versus standard-dose radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2002;20:1167–1174
  32. Nutting CM, Bedford JL, Cosgrove VP, et al. A comparison of conformal and intensity modulated techniques for oesophageal radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2001;61:157–163
  33. Lee H, Vaporciyan A, Cox J, et al. Postoperative pulmonary complications following preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal carcinoma: correlation with pulmonary dose volume histogram. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;57:1317–1322
  34. Fu WH, Wang LH, Zhou ZM, et al. Comparison of conformal and intensity – modulated techniques for simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy of upper esophageal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:1098–1102
  35. Iyer R, Wilkinson N, Demmy T, et al. Controversies in the multimodality management of locally advanced esophageal cancer: evidence-based review of surgery alone and combined-modality therapy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11:665–673
  36. Urschel JD, Vassan HA. Meta-anlysis of randomized controlled trials that compared neoadjuvant chemradiation and surgery to surgery alone for respectable esophageal cancer. Am J Surg. 2003;185:538–543

PII: S0167-8140(10)00057-5

doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.01.006

Radiotherapy & Oncology
Volume 95, Issue 2 , Pages 229-233 , May 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution